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    数据库后台日志文件alert.log报以下异常： Database Characterset is AL32UTF8 Opening with internal Resource Manager plan where NUMA PG = 1, CPUs = 16 replication_dependency_tracking turned off (no async multimaster replication found) Thu Sep 20 09:46:09 2012 Errors in file /user/oracle/admin/maclean/bdump/maclean_p003_856120.trc: ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [kghstack_free2], [], [], [], [], [], [], [] Starting background process QMNC QMNC started with pid=53, OS id=1229222 Thu Sep 20 09:46:11 2012 Errors in file /user/oracle/admin/maclean/bdump/maclean_p003_856120.trc: ORA-07445: exception encountered: core dump [kghstack_err+0068] [SIGSEGV] [Address not mapped to object] [0x778670101010109] [] [] ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [kghstack_free2], [], [], [], [], [], [], [] Thu Sep 20 09:46:12 2012 Errors in file /user/oracle/admin/maclean/bdump/maclean_p003_856120.trc: ORA-07445: exception encountered: core dump [kghstack_err+0068] [SIGSEGV] [Address not mapped to object] [0x778670101010109] [] [] ORA-00607: Internal error occurred while making a change to a data block ORA-00602: internal programming exception ORA-07445: exception encountered: core dump [kghstack_err+0068] [SIGSEGV] [Address not mapped to object] [0x778670101010109] [] [] ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [kghstack_free2], [], [], [], [], [], [], [] Thu Sep 20 09:46:13 2012 Errors in file /user/oracle/admin/maclean/bdump/maclean_p003_856120.trc: ORA-07445: exception encountered: core dump [kghstack_err+0068] [SIGSEGV] [Address not mapped to object] [0x778670101010109] [] [] ORA-00607: Internal error occurred while making a change to a data block ORA-00602: internal programming exception ORA-07445: exception encountered: core dump [kghstack_err+0068] [SIGSEGV] [Address not mapped to object] [0x778670101010109] [] [] ORA-00607: Internal error occurred while making a change to a data block ORA-00602: internal programming exception ORA-07445: exception encountered: core dump [kghstack_err+0068] [SIGSEGV] [Address not mapped to object] [0x778670101010109] [] [] ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [kghstack_free2], [], [], [], [], [], [], [] Thu Sep 20 09:46:15 2012 Doing block recovery for file 370 block 140818 Doing block recovery for file 370 block 140818 Doing block recovery for file 370 block 140818 Doing block recovery for file 370 block 140818 Doing block recovery for file 370 block 140818 Thu Sep 20 09:46:16 2012 Completed: ALTER DATABASE OPEN Thu Sep 20 09:46:18 2012 Doing block recovery for file 370 block 140818 Block recovery from logseq 336560, block 264 to scn 12971246479133 Thu Sep 20 09:46:18 2012 Recovery of Online Redo Log: Thread 1 Group 4 Seq 336560 Reading mem 0 Mem# 0: /oradata4/macleanDB/redolog/redolog4a.log Mem# 1: /oradata4/macleanDB/redolog/redolog4b.log Block recovery completed at rba 336560.27935.16, scn 3020.445245214 Thu Sep 20 09:46:18 2012 SMON: slave died unexpectedly, downgrading to serial recovery Thu Sep 20 09:46:18 2012 Errors in file /user/oracle/admin/maclean/bdump/maclean_smon_729208.trc: ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [kghstack_free2], [], [], [], [], [], [], [] Thu Sep 20 09:46:20 2012 Errors in file /user/oracle/admin/maclean/bdump/maclean_smon_729208.trc: ORA-07445: exception encountered: core dump [kghstack_err+0068] [SIGSEGV] [Address not mapped to object] [0x778670101010109] [] [] ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [kghstack_free2], [], [], [], [], [], [], [] Thu Sep 20 09:46:21 2012 Errors in file /user/oracle/admin/maclean/bdump/maclean_smon_729208.trc: ORA-07445: exception encountered: core dump [kghstack_err+0068] [SIGSEGV] [Address not mapped to object] [0x778670101010109] [] [] ORA-00607: Internal error occurred while making a change to a data block ORA-00602: internal programming exception ORA-07445: exception encountered: core dump [kghstack_err+0068] [SIGSEGV] [Address not mapped to object] [0x778670101010109] [] [] ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [kghstack_free2], [], [], [], [], [], [], [] Thu Sep 20 09:46:22 2012 Errors in file /user/oracle/admin/maclean/bdump/maclean_smon_729208.trc: ORA-07445: exception encountered: core dump [kghstack_err+0068] [SIGSEGV] [Address not mapped to object] [0x778670101010109] [] [] ORA-00607: Internal error occurred while making a change to a data block ORA-00602: internal programming exception ORA-07445: exception encountered: core dump [kghstack_err+0068] [SIGSEGV] [Address not mapped to object] [0x778670101010109] [] [] ORA-00607: Internal error occurred while making a change to a data block ORA-00602: internal programming exception ORA-07445: exception encountered: core dump [kghstack_err+0068] [SIGSEGV] [Address not mapped to object] [0x778670101010109] [] [] ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [kghstack_free2], [], [], [], [], [], [], [] Thu Sep 20 09:46:24 2012 Errors in file /user/oracle/admin/maclean/bdump/maclean_pmon_786638.trc: ORA-00474: SMON process terminated with error Thu Sep 20 09:46:24 2012 PMON: terminating instance due to error 474 Instance terminated by PMON, pid = 786638 Thu Sep 20 10:38:31 2012 Starting ORACLE instance (normal) sskgpgetexecname failed to get name LICENSE_MAX_SESSION = 0 LICENSE_SESSIONS_WARNING = 0 Picked latch-free SCN scheme 3 Autotune of undo retention is turned on. IMODE=BR ILAT =61 LICENSE_MAX_USERS = 0 SYS auditing is enabled ksdpec: called for event 13740 prior to event group initialization Starting up ORACLE RDBMS Version: 10.2.0.4.0. System parameters with non-default values: processes = 500 sessions = 555 __shared_pool_size = 637534208 __large_pool_size = 16777216 __java_pool_size = 16777216 __streams_pool_size = 0 sga_target = 21474836480 control_files = /oradata1/macleanDB/control1/control01.ctl, /oradata1/macleanDB/control2/control02.ctl, /oradata1/macleanDB/control3/control03.ctl db_block_size = 8192 __db_cache_size = 20786970624 compatible = 10.2.0.3.0 log_archive_dest_1 = LOCATION=/oraarch/maclean log_archive_format = %t_%s_%r.dbf db_files = 4000 db_file_multiblock_read_count= 16 undo_management = AUTO undo_tablespace = UNDOTBS2 undo_retention = 7200 remote_login_passwordfile= EXCLUSIVE audit_sys_operations = TRUE db_domain = dispatchers = (PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=macleanXDB) job_queue_processes = 10 background_dump_dest = /user/oracle/admin/maclean/bdump user_dump_dest = /user/oracle/admin/maclean/udump core_dump_dest = /user/oracle/admin/maclean/cdump audit_file_dest = /user/oracle/admin/maclean/adump audit_trail = DB, EXTENDED db_name = maclean open_cursors = 300 pga_aggregate_target = 10737418240 MMAN started with pid=4, OS id=368872 PSP0 started with pid=3, OS id=184496 PMON started with pid=2, OS id=94512 DBW0 started with pid=5, OS id=331874 DBW1 started with pid=6, OS id=418128 LGWR started with pid=7, OS id=397498 CKPT started with pid=8, OS id=508388 SMON started with pid=9, OS id=459050 RECO started with pid=10, OS id=471536 CJQ0 started with pid=11, OS id=442822 MMON started with pid=12, OS id=180548 Thu Sep 20 10:38:38 2012 starting up 1 dispatcher(s) for network address '(ADDRESS=(PARTIAL=YES)(PROTOCOL=TCP))'... MMNL started with pid=13, OS id=352574 Thu Sep 20 10:38:38 2012 starting up 1 shared server(s) ... Thu Sep 20 10:38:42 2012 ALTER DATABASE MOUNT Thu Sep 20 10:38:47 2012 Setting recovery target incarnation to 2 Thu Sep 20 10:38:47 2012 Successful mount of redo thread 1, with mount id 2376692082 Thu Sep 20 10:38:47 2012 Database mounted in Exclusive Mode Completed: ALTER DATABASE MOUNT Thu Sep 20 10:38:47 2012 ALTER DATABASE OPEN Thu Sep 20 10:38:49 2012 Beginning crash recovery of 1 threads parallel recovery started with 15 processes Thu Sep 20 10:38:50 2012 Started redo scan Thu Sep 20 10:38:51 2012 Completed redo scan 27994 redo blocks read, 8334 data blocks need recovery Thu Sep 20 10:38:52 2012 Started redo application at Thread 1: logseq 336560, block 3 Thu Sep 20 10:38:52 2012 Recovery of Online Redo Log: Thread 1 Group 4 Seq 336560 Reading mem 0 Mem# 0: /oradata4/macleanDB/redolog/redolog4a.log Mem# 1: /oradata4/macleanDB/redolog/redolog4b.log Thu Sep 20 10:38:53 2012 Completed redo application Thu Sep 20 10:38:56 2012 Completed crash recovery at Thread 1: logseq 336560, block 27997, scn 12971246499154 8334 data blocks read, 8334 data blocks written, 27994 redo blocks read Thu Sep 20 10:38:57 2012 LGWR: STARTING ARCH PROCESSES ARC0 started with pid=32, OS id=770284 ARC1 started with pid=33, OS id=762350 Thu Sep 20 10:38:57 2012 ARC0: Archival started ARC1: Archival started LGWR: STARTING ARCH PROCESSES COMPLETE Thu Sep 20 10:38:58 2012 Thread 1 advanced to log sequence 336561 (thread open) Thread 1 opened at log sequence 336561 Current log# 2 seq# 336561 mem# 0: /oradata1/macleanDB/redolog/redolog2a.log Current log# 2 seq# 336561 mem# 1: /oradata1/macleanDB/redolog/redolog2b.log Successful open of redo thread 1 Thu Sep 20 10:38:58 2012 MTTR advisory is disabled because FAST_START_MTTR_TARGET is not set Thu Sep 20 10:38:58 2012 ARC1: Becoming the 'no FAL' ARCH ARC1: Becoming the 'no SRL' ARCH Thu Sep 20 10:38:58 2012 ARC0: Becoming the heartbeat ARCH Thu Sep 20 10:38:58 2012 SMON: enabling cache recovery Thu Sep 20 10:39:03 2012 Successfully onlined Undo Tablespace 5. Thu Sep 20 10:39:03 2012 SMON: enabling tx recovery Thu Sep 20 10:39:03 2012 Database Characterset is AL32UTF8 Opening with internal Resource Manager plan where NUMA PG = 1, CPUs = 16 Thu Sep 20 10:39:04 2012 Errors in file /user/oracle/admin/maclean/bdump/maclean_p003_491552.trc: ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [kghstack_free2], [], [], [], [], [], [], [] replication_dependency_tracking turned off (no async multimaster replication found) Starting background process QMNC QMNC started with pid=52, OS id=770310 Thu Sep 20 10:39:06 2012 Errors in file /user/oracle/admin/maclean/bdump/maclean_p003_491552.trc: ORA-07445: exception encountered: core dump [kghstack_err+0068] [SIGSEGV] [Address not mapped to object] [0x778670101010109] [] [] ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [kghstack_free2], [], [], [], [], [], [], [] Thu Sep 20 10:39:08 2012 Errors in file /user/oracle/admin/maclean/bdump/maclean_p003_491552.trc: ORA-07445: exception encountered: core dump [kghstack_err+0068] [SIGSEGV] [Address not mapped to object] [0x778670101010109] [] [] ORA-00607: Internal error occurred while making a change to a data block ORA-00602: internal programming exception ORA-07445: exception encountered: core dump [kghstack_err+0068] [SIGSEGV] [Address not mapped to object] [0x778670101010109] [] [] ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [kghstack_free2], [], [], [], [], [], [], [] Thu Sep 20 10:39:08 2012 Errors in file /user/oracle/admin/maclean/bdump/maclean_p003_491552.trc: ORA-07445: exception encountered: core dump [kghstack_err+0068] [SIGSEGV] [Address not mapped to object] [0x778670101010109] [] [] ORA-00607: Internal error occurred while making a change to a data block ORA-00602: internal programming exception ORA-07445: exception encountered: core dump [kghstack_err+0068] [SIGSEGV] [Address not mapped to object] [0x778670101010109] [] [] ORA-00607: Internal error occurred while making a change to a data block ORA-00602: internal programming exception ORA-07445: exception encountered: core dump [kghstack_err+0068] [SIGSEGV] [Address not mapped to object] [0x778670101010109] [] [] ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [kghstack_free2], [], [], [], [], [], [], [] Thu Sep 20 10:39:11 2012 Doing block recovery for file 370 block 140818 Doing block recovery for file 370 block 140818 Doing block recovery for file 370 block 140818 Doing block recovery for file 370 block 140818 Doing block recovery for file 370 block 140818   设置10513 level 2内部事件后，SMON不再recover dead transaction ，打开数据库后实例不再意外终止。 SQL> show parameter event NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ event string 10513 trace name context forev er, level 2 通过RMAN validate命令和dbv检测数据文件，发现表MAC_maclean_TAB上存在一个逻辑讹误块和一个物理讹误块。 SQL> select * from V$DATABASE_BLOCK_CORRUPTION ; FILE# BLOCK# BLOCKS CORRUPTION_CHANGE# CORRUPTIO ---------- ---------- ---------- ------------------ --------- 370 140818 1 1.2971E+13 LOGICAL 84 23875 1 0 CORRUPT 鉴于用户可以接受少量数据的损失，且blockrecover以上物理讹误块在RMAN中实际运行时寻找该FILE 84 BLOCK 23875耗费大量时间，所以考虑利用ROWID的方式绕过讹误块，拷贝出绝大多数的表数据。 SQL> select dbms_rowid.rowid_create(1,353223,370,140818,0) from dual; DBMS_ROWID.ROWID_C ------------------ AAAh1CAFyAAAiYSAAA SQL> select dbms_rowid.rowid_create(1,353223,370,140819,0) from dual; DBMS_ROWID.ROWID_C ------------------ AABWPHAFyAAAiYTAAA   alter session set events '10231 trace name context forever, level 10'; SQL> select count(*) from MAC_maclean_TAB; COUNT(*) ---------- 8450840   insert /*+ APPEND */ into MAC_maclean_TAB_BAK select /*+ ROWID(A) */ * from MAC_maclean_TAB A where rowid <'AABWPHAFyAAAiYSAAA'; insert /*+ APPEND */ into MAC_maclean_TAB_BAK select /*+ ROWID(A) */ * from MAC_maclean_TAB A where rowid >='AABWPHAFyAAAiYTAAA'; SQL> select count(*) from MAC_maclean_TAB_BAK; COUNT(*) ---------- 8450796 alter table MAC_maclean_TAB rename to MAC_maclean_TAB_20120920_BAK; alter table MAC_maclean_TAB_BAK rename to MAC_maclean_TAB;   SQL> SQL> select count(*) from MAC_maclean_TAB; COUNT(*) ---------- 8450796 SQL> analyze table MAC_maclean_TAB validate structure; Table analyzed. drop table MAC_maclean_TAB_20120920_BAK; 原MAC_maclean_TAB共计8450840条数据，实际修复出8450796条记录，丢失44条。 后续使用CREATE TABLE命令将原存在逻辑坏块的数据块覆盖，避免上述ORA-600问题再次发生。 create table LARGE_TABLE (t1 int) tablespace MAC_REPORT_TBS ; alter table LARGE_TABLE allocate extent (datafile '/maclean/maclean_32.dbf' size 10M);   对全库做数据文件的验证操作,找出数据库中潜在的坏块，避免此类问题再次发生，若使用RMAN可以参考如下脚本： RMAN> run { allocate channel d1 type disk; allocate channel d2 type disk; allocate channel d3 type disk; allocate channel d4 type disk; backup validate check logical database; } 以上会将找到的坏块信息汇总到V$DATABASE_BLOCK_CORRUPTION视图中： select * from V$DATABASE_BLOCK_CORRUPTION ;